Tuberculosis (non-pulmonary) |
Standard |
|
|
No |
Cat Scratch Disease |
Standard |
|
|
No |
Rabies |
Standard |
Animal bite |
Duration of illness |
Yes |
Yellow Fever |
Standard |
Blood |
Duration of hospitalisation |
Yes (if actively bleeding) |
Malaria |
Standard |
Blood |
|
No |
HIV and AIDS |
Standard |
Blood and bodily fluids |
|
No (unless bleeding) |
Parvovirus B19 (associated transient aplastic crisis or red cell crisis) |
Droplet |
Blood and body products |
For 7days after the onset of the transient aplastic or red cell crisis |
Yes |
Parvovirus B19 (immunocompromised patient with chronic parvovirus infection) |
Droplet |
Blood and body products |
Duration of hospitalisation |
Yes |
Ebola-Marburg Viral Diseases |
Airborne and Contact |
Blood and secretions |
Duration of hospitalisation |
Yes |
Leptospirosis |
Standard |
Blood and urine |
|
No |
Lassa Fever |
Airborne and Contact |
Blood, bodily fluids and respiratory secretions |
Duration of illness |
Yes |
Marburg Virus |
Airborne and Contact |
Blood, bodily fluids and respiratory secretions |
Duration of illness |
Yes |
Creutzfeltd-Jakob Disease (CJD) |
Standard |
Blood, brain tissue, spinal fluid |
|
No |
Botulism |
Standard |
Contaminated food |
|
No |
Aspergillosis |
Standard |
Decaying vegetation such as piles of leaves or compost piles |
Duration of illness |
No |
Actinomycosis |
Standard |
Dental plaque/tonsillar crypts |
Irregular |
Yes (while infectious) |
Gonorrhoea |
Standard |
Discharge |
|
No |
Erysipelas |
Contact |
Discharge from infected lesions |
For 24hours after start of effective treatment |
Yes |
Streptococcus Group A (major wound or burn) |
Contact |
Exudate/pus |
Until 24hours after start of effective therapy |
Yes |
Giardiasis |
Contact |
Faeces |
Duration of illness |
Yes |
Amebiasis (amoebiasis) |
Contact |
Faeces |
Duration of hospitalisation |
Yes |
Typhoid Fever and Paratyphoid Fevers |
Contact |
Faeces |
Until asymptomatic |
Yes (if symptomatic) |
Ascariasis (roundworm) |
Standard |
Faeces |
Duration of illness |
If available |
Hepatitis A |
Contact |
Faeces |
First 2 weeks of illness but no more than 1 week after onset of jaundice (except in a Neonatal ICU setting where prolonged precautions must be considered) |
Yes |
Hepatitis E |
Contact |
Faeces |
Duration of hospitalisation |
Yes |
Campylobacter enteritis |
Standard |
Faeces |
Until asymptomatic |
Yes |
Salmonellosis |
Standard |
Faeces |
Until asymptomatic |
Yes (if symptomatic) |
Clostridium difficile |
Contact |
Faeces |
Until asymptomatic with formed stools |
Yes |
Shigellosis |
Standard |
Faeces |
Until asymptomatic |
Yes (if symptomatic) |
Listeriosis |
Standard |
Faeces |
|
No (unless neonates) |
Cryptosporidiosis |
Standard |
Faeces |
Duration of illness |
Yes (whilst symptomatic) |
E-coli Diarrhoeal Diseases |
Contact |
Faeces |
Until asymptomatic |
Yes |
Enteroviral infection (infants and young children) |
Contact |
Faeces |
Duration of illness |
No |
Enteroviral infection (adults) |
Standard |
Faeces |
Duration of illness |
No |
Rotavirus |
Contact |
Faeces and possibly respiratory secretions |
Duration of illness |
Yes |
Poliomyelitis |
Contact |
Faeces and respiratory secretions |
|
Yes (if symptomatic with diarrhoea) |
Hand Foot and Mouth |
Contact |
Faeces or respiratory secretions |
Duration of hospitalisation |
Yes |
Clostridium perfringens (foodborne) |
Standard |
Food |
|
No |
Chlamydial infections (STD) |
Standard |
Genetial secretions |
Until asymptomatic |
No |
Human papillomavirus infection |
Standard |
Infected lesion |
|
No |
Ringworm |
Standard |
Infected lesions |
|
No |
Staphlococcus scalded skin syndrome (Ritter's disease) |
Contact |
Infected lesions |
Duration of illness |
Yes |
Hepatitis B |
Contact |
Infective bodily fluids |
Duration of hospitalisation |
Yes (if risk of bleeding) |
Hepatitis C |
Contact |
Infective bodily fluids |
Duration of hospitalisation |
Yes (if risk of bleeding) |
Hepatitis D |
Contact |
Infective bodily fluids |
Duration of hospitalisation |
Yes (if risk of bleeding) |
Scabies |
Contact |
Infested area |
Until 24hours after application of effective therapy |
Yes |
Anthrax |
Standard |
Lesion fluid |
Duration of hospitalisation |
Yes |
Syphilis |
Standard |
Lesion secretions and blood |
|
No |
Impetigo |
Contact |
Lesions |
Until 24hours after start of effective therapy |
Yes |
Gonococcal opthalmia neonatorum |
Contact |
Maternal cervix |
Until 24hours after administration of effective therapy |
Yes |
Candidiasis |
Standard |
Mouth, skin, genital secretions |
Until asymptomatic |
No |
Threadworm |
Standard |
Mucous secretion from worm |
|
No |
Tetanus |
Standard |
No direct person to person transmission |
|
No |
Streptococcus Group B (Neonatal Unit only) |
Standard |
Possible faeces |
|
Yes |
Toxoplasmosis |
Standard |
Possibly bodily fluids |
|
No |
Orf |
Standard |
Possibly drainage fluid |
|
No |
Tapeworm |
Standard |
Possibly faeces |
|
No |
Glandular Fever |
Standard |
Possibly respiratory secretions |
|
No |
Psittacosis |
Standard |
Possibly respiratory secretions |
|
Yes (if coughing, otherwise No) |
Q Fever |
Airborne and Contact |
Possibly respiratory secretions |
Until 7days after the onset of effective therapy |
No |
Legionellosis |
Standard |
Possibly respiratory secretions |
|
No |
Leprosy |
Standard |
Possibly respiratory secretions |
|
No |
Ophthalmia neonatorum |
Standard |
Purulent discharge |
|
No |
Brucellosis |
Standard |
Purulent discharge |
|
Yes (if draining lesions present) |
Conjunctivitis (bacterial) |
Standard |
Purulent exudate |
|
No |
Conjunctivitis (viral or aetiology unknown) |
Contact |
Purulent exudate |
Duration of illness |
Yes |
Plague (bubonic) |
Standard |
Pus |
|
No |
Abscess (Minor) |
Standard |
Pus/discharge |
Duration of illness |
No |
Abscess (Major) |
Contact |
Pus/discharge |
Duration of illness |
Yes |
Cellulitis (uncontrolled discharge) |
Contact |
Pus/discharge |
24hrs after effective treatment |
Yes |
Coronavirus (Seasonal) including SARS-CoV-2 |
Airborne |
Respiratory droplets |
Duration of illness |
Yes SARS-CoV-2 |
Parvovirus B19 (erythema infectiosum) |
Standard |
Respiratory secretions |
Duration of illness |
Yes |
Pertussis |
Droplet |
Respiratory secretions |
Until 5days after the start of effective therapy |
Yes |
Haemophilus influenza |
Droplet |
Respiratory secretions |
Until 24hours after start of effective therapy |
Yes (if epiglottitis, menengitis or septicaemia) |
Bronchiolitis (infants) |
Droplet and Contact |
Respiratory secretions |
Duration of illness |
Yes |
Quinsy (Strep A pharyngitis) |
Droplet |
Respiratory secretions |
Until 24hours after the start of effective therapy |
Yes |
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) |
Droplet and Contact |
Respiratory secretions |
Duration of illness |
Yes |
Rubella |
Droplet |
Respiratory secretions |
Until 7days after the onset of rash |
Yes |
Influenza |
Droplet |
Respiratory secretions |
Duration of illness |
Yes |
Scarlet fever |
Droplet |
Respiratory secretions |
Until 24hours after start of effective therapy |
Yes |
Croup |
Contact |
Respiratory secretions |
Duration of illness |
Yes |
Streptococcus Group A (pneumonia) |
Droplet |
Respiratory secretions |
Until 24hours after start of effective therapy |
Yes |
Measles |
Droplet and Contact |
Respiratory secretions |
Duration of illness |
Yes |
Streptococcus Group A (scarlet fever) |
Droplet |
Respiratory secretions |
Until 24hours after start of effective therapy |
Yes |
Meningitis (meningococcal) |
Droplet and Contact |
Respiratory secretions |
Until 24hours after start of effective therapy |
Yes |
Meningitis (pneumococcal) |
Droplet and Contact |
Respiratory secretions |
|
No |
Mumps |
Droplet |
Respiratory secretions |
For 7days before and 9days after onset of swelling |
Yes |
Smallpox (even if only suspected) |
Airborne and Contact |
Respiratory secretions and blood/bodily fluids |
Duration of illness |
Yes |
Adenovirus |
Droplet and Contact |
Respiratory secretions and faeces |
Duration of hospitalisation |
Yes |
SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) |
Airborne and Contact |
Respiratory secretions and faeces |
Duration of illness |
Yes |
Varicella/Herpes Zoster |
Airborne |
Respiratory secretions or vesicle fluid of skin lesions |
Until all lesions are crusted over |
Yes (while infectious) |
Diphtheria |
Droplet and Contact |
Respiratory secretions/lesions |
Until 2 cultures from skin nose and throat/skin lesions, taken 24hrs apart after cessation of antimicrobial therapy are negative for Corynebacterium diphtheriae |
Yes |
Herpesvirus |
Contact |
Saliva or genital secretions |
Duration of hospitalisation |
Yes (for neonates and adults with mucocutaneous, disseminated or primary severe) |
Tonsillitis |
Airborne and Standard |
Secretions |
|
Yes |
Necrotising fasciitis |
Contact |
Secretions/exudates |
Duration of illness |
Yes |
Tuberculosis (pulmonary) |
Airborne |
Sputum or pus |
Until 2weeks after start of effective therapy |
Yes |
Plague (pneumonic) |
Droplet |
Sputum, secretions/excretions |
Until 3days after the start of effective therapy |
Yes |
Lyme Disease |
Standard |
Tic |
|
No |
Streptococcus Group A (endometritis, puerperal sepsis) |
Standard |
Vaginal discharge |
Until 24hours after start of effective therapy |
Yes |
Meningitis (viral) |
Depends on Causative Agent |
Variable |
Depends on causative agent |
Depends on causative agent |
Helicobacter Pylori |
Standard |
Variable (inc. faeces and water) |
|
No |
Gastroenteritis (Viral) |
Contact |
Vomitus and Faeces |
Until 48hours asymptomatic and stools return to normal |
Yes |
Gastroenteritis (Norovirus) |
Contact |
Vomitus and Faeces |
Until 48hours asymptomatic and stools return to normal |
Yes |
Burns |
Contact |
Wound/lesion discharge |
Until wounds heel |
Yes (if draining lesions present) |